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"source": "From the 'Mona Lisa' to 'The Wedding Feast at Cana' - The Salle des États",
"text": "Leonardo captured the sitter turning towards the viewer in a natural movement that brings the painting to life. Leonardo da Vinci, Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, Wife of Francesco del Giocondo, known as the Mona Lisa Room 711 (Salle des États), Denon wing, Level 1",
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"text": "There has long been debate about the Mona Lisa's identity. But for centuries, it has been widely believed that she is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant. But Mr Cotte has claimed his discoveries challenge that theory.",
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"text": "If this traditional identification, first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari, is accurate, the painting likely originated as a portrait intended for a private home, a context consistent with the period’s use of portraiture to record likeness, affirm status, and",
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"text": "Leonardo captured the sitter turning towards the viewer in a natural movement that brings the painting to life. Leonardo da Vinci, Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, Wife of Francesco del Giocondo, known as the Mona Lisa Room 711 (Salle des États), Denon wing, Level 1",
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"source": "New Study Reveals Potentially Groundbreaking Drawing Hidden Beneath ‘Mona Lisa’",
"text": "The Lumiere technology also employed modern infrared reflectography, which is used for detecting charcoal underdrawings through faint light reflected on the charcoal’s surface. Cotte detected the spolvero marks in the Mona Lisa’s hand and ...",
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"source": "Crossref: Cotte 2026 — MONA LISA'S BLUE LAPIS REVEALED",
"text": "Natural ultramarine has long been considered one of the most valuable blue pigments available to Renaissance painters, yet direct non-invasive spectroscopic evidence of its use in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa remains limited. This study investigates microscopic blue pai",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7528512",
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"source": "Crossref: Elias 2008 — Multispectral camera and radiative transfer equation used to depict Leonardo's sfumato in Mona Li",
"text": "Multispectral camera and radiative transfer equation used to depict Leonardo's sfumato in Mona Lisa. Applied Optics",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.47.002146",
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"source": "Crossref: Cotte 2006 — Spectral imaging of Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa: A true color smile without the influence of ag",
"text": "Spectral imaging of Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa: A true color smile without the influence of aged varnish. Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2352/cgiv.2006.3.1.art00064",
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"source": "Crossref: Kasirer 2005 — Si la Joconde se trouve au Louvre, où trouve-t-on le Code civil du Bas Canada ?",
"text": "À partir d’une bibliographie des éditions commerciales du Code civil du Bas Canada parues depuis 1866, l’auteur trace un portrait de l’apparence physique du droit commun du Québec. C’est le Code civil en tant qu’objet qui retient son attention afin de lui permettre de repenser l’",
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"source": "Crossref: 2016 — LE ROI À LA CHASSE [PORTRAIT OF CHARLES I] (1635; Paris, Louvre).",
"text": "LE ROI À LA CHASSE [PORTRAIT OF CHARLES I] (1635; Paris, Louvre).. Historical Dictionary of Renaissance Art",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881832704.0454",
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"source": "Crossref: Cotte 2019 — Monna Lisa dévoilée",
"text": "Monna Lisa dévoilée. ",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.14375/np.9782369439844",
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"source": "Crossref: 2025 — The (Self-)Portrait of Modernity (Mona Lisa)",
"text": "The (Self-)Portrait of Modernity (Mona Lisa). Messengers of Infinity",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.26047383.7",
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"source": "Crossref: Arbiter 1917 — A Great Work of Art: \"Portrait of Mona Lisa\" by Leonardo Da Vinci",
"text": "A Great Work of Art: \"Portrait of Mona Lisa\" by Leonardo Da Vinci. The Art World",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/25587912",
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"source": "Crossref: 2025 — Chapter Four. The (Self-)Portrait of Modernity (Mona Lisa)",
"text": "Chapter Four. The (Self-)Portrait of Modernity (Mona Lisa). Messengers of Infinity",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/9798855801552-005",
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"source": "Crossref: Woods-Marsden 2016 — 12 Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa: A Portrait without a Commissioner?",
"text": "12 Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa: A Portrait without a Commissioner?. Illuminating Leonardo",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004304130_014",
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"source": "Crossref: 2025 — SELL THE MONA LISA!",
"text": "SELL THE MONA LISA!. Leonardo da Vinci",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691266220-006",
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"source": "Crossref: Fletcher 2019 — Mona Lisa: The People and the Painting, by Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti",
"text": "Mona Lisa: The People and the Painting, by Martin Kemp and Giuseppe Pallanti. The English Historical Review",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez088",
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"source": "Crossref: Queiros-Conde 2004 — The Turbulent Structure of Sfumato within Mona Lisa",
"text": "The author describes a particular way of looking at the Mona Lisa whereby evidence of a turbulent structure (based on underlying sfumato) that reveals an infinity of hidden faces behind the famous figure can be seen. When light is progressively reduced by a “squinting process,” t",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1162/0024094041139490",
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"source": "Crossref: Šustić 2014 — Paint handling in Leonardo’s Mona Lisa: guides to a reconstruction",
"text": "Mona Lisa, the precious legacy of Leonardo da Vinci, represents a zenith of methodological innovations in painting. How the painter managed to obtain such delicacy of the tonal transitions still occupies the mind of contemporary art researchers. Based on published results of scie",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4000/ceroart.3828",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Amelio 2022 — A knowledge representation framework for managing Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa: case stu",
"text": "A knowledge representation framework for managing Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa: case study of the hidden painting",
"url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cbb2d68fab35dcbe575d0082b2dd52974606d560",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Buso 2021 — The handedness of Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) analyzed from his hidden signature in the M",
"text": "Dear Editor, Undoubtedly, the Mona Lisa (circa 1503–1519) of the great Renaissance artist, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), had become one of the most famous artworks of the world. However, although it has already been studied extensively by several specialists, there are still man",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Amelio 2019 — Exploring Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa by Visual Computing: a Review",
"text": "Exploring Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa by Visual Computing: a Review [4 citations]",
"url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a1cde491a08ca5cadceeaeb972ab91d6d9f5a20",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Hoyo-Meléndez 2024 — The Lady with an Ermine – Portrait of Cecilia Gallerani: Research into Leonardo da",
"text": "The Lady with an Ermine is one of the greatest masterpieces by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci from around 1489-1490, depicting Cecilia Gallerani, most likely at the time when she was the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. This painting belongs to a group of four po",
"url": "http://journals.openedition.org/techne/pdf/21487",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Malik 2024 — ANATOMY OF A MASTERPIECE: UNVEILING HIDDEN LAYERS IN CLASSICAL ART",
"text": "This article delves into the intricate anatomy of classical masterpieces, exploring the multi-dimensional aspects that go beyond their surface-level beauty. Through the examination of artistic techniques, historical contexts, hidden symbology, and advanced imaging technologies li",
"url": "https://kjmr.com.pk/kjmr/article/download/3/3",
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"source": "SemanticScholar: Greenstein 2004 — Leonardo, Mona Lisa and \"La Gioconda\". Reviewing the Evidence",
"text": "Leonardo, Mona Lisa and \"La Gioconda\". Reviewing the Evidence [4 citations]",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1483789",
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"source": "Hidden portrait 'found under Mona Lisa', says French scientist - BBC News",
"text": "There has long been debate about the Mona Lisa's identity. But for centuries, it has been widely believed that she is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk merchant. But Mr Cotte has claimed his discoveries challenge that theory.",
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"source": "Mona Lisa | Painting, Painter, History, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica",
"text": "If this traditional identification, first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari, is accurate, the painting likely originated as a portrait intended for a private home, a context consistent with the period’s use of portraiture to record likeness, affirm status, and",
"url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting",
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"text": "The Louvre’s formal title, Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo, known as La Joconde or Mona Lisa, anchors the sitter and the work’s modern museum identity.[1] The Louvre dates the portrait 1503 to 1519, reflecting ...",
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"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20140730003620/http:/www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/mona-lisa-%E2%80%93-portrait-lisa-gherardini-wife-francesco-del-giocondo",
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"source": "Wikipedia: Mona Lisa",
"text": "The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa",
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"text": "The two–Mona Lisa theory is a longstanding theory proposed by various historians, art experts, and others that Leonardo da Vinci painted two versions of",
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"text": "partially painted by Leonardo's assistants, a close inspection of the painting during the recent restoration between 2008 and 2010 has led the conservators",
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"source": "Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘Mona Lisa’ Has Another Portrait Hidden Underneath",
"text": "According to French scientist Pascal Cotte, who has analyzed the painting with reflecting light technology for over 10 years, the Mona Lisa hides another portrait underneath. According to the BBC, the most surprising of Cotte’s findings is ...",
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"source": "Lurking Beneath the 'Mona Lisa' May Be the Real One | Live Science",
"text": "The Mona Lisa may have a hidden painting underneath its surface, and it may depict the real sitter for the painting.",
"url": "https://www.livescience.com/53038-hidden-painting-real-mona-lisa.html",
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"source": "Scientist Discovers Hidden Drawing Beneath the 'Mona Lisa'",
"text": "More precisely, Cotte’s camera detected underlying charcoal lines in the lighter areas of the painting through a combination of near-infrared photography and infrared reflectography.",
"url": "https://hypebeast.com/2020/9/mona-lisa-hidden-drawing-pascal-cotte-discovery",
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"source": "Secrets of the Mona Lisa: French scientist Pascal Cotte claims to know secret behind world's most famous smile | The Independent | The Independent",
"text": "Mr Cotte has pioneered the layer amplification method, which uses 13 different wavelengths of light bounced off the pigment to produce images throughout different layers of the painting.",
"url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/secrets-of-the-mona-lisa-french-scientist-pascal-cotte-claims-to-know-secret-behind-world-s-most-famous-smile-a6765681.html",
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"source": "Beneath the Mona Lisa Lies a Second Portrait, Scientist Claims",
"text": "Pascal Cotte commenced his study ... a variety of wavelengths of light — an early version of a technique now known as multispectral imaging....",
"url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/beneath-mona-lisa-lies-second-portrait-scientist-claims-n476461",
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"source": "Secret Portrait Hidden Under Mona Lisa, Claims French Scientist - Newsweek",
"text": "Using reflective light technology, Cotte has spent more than 10 years analysing Leonardo Da Vinci's masterpiece. He claims to have found an underlying image of a model looking off to the side.",
"url": "https://www.newsweek.com/secret-portrait-hidden-under-mona-lisa-claims-french-scientist-402422",
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"source": "French Scientist Claims the “Real” Mona Lisa Is Hidden Underneath the Famous Painting",
"text": "Martin Kemp, Emeritus Professor ... is “ingenious in showing what Leonardo may have been thinking about. But the idea that there is that picture as it were hiding underneath the surface is untenable,” adding that ...",
"url": "https://gizmodo.com/french-scientist-claims-the-real-mona-lisa-is-hidden-1746878403",
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"source": "Hidden Portrait Found Under 'Mona Lisa' Painting - ABC News",
"text": "Oxford University Professor Martin ... Cotte and his team is "ingenious" but "the idea that there is that picture as if it were hiding underneath the surface is almost untenable."...",
"url": "https://abcnews.com/International/hidden-portrait-found-mona-lisa-painting/story?id=35649734",
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"source": "Speculations about Mona Lisa - Wikipedia",
"text": "Lillian Schwartz of Bell Labs suggests that the MonaLisa is actually a self-portrait. She supports this theory with the results of a digital analysis of the facial features of the woman in the painting and those of the famous Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco ...",
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"source": "A Hidden Drawing Lies Beneath the 'Mona Lisa,' New Ultra-High-Resolution Images Reveal | Artnet News",
"text": "The faint traces of a charcoal underdrawing, visible thanks to multispectral analysis, are evidence of the spolvero technique, in which the artist pricks tiny holes along the outlines of the drawing and uses charcoal dust to transfer the cartoon ...",
"url": "https://news.artnet.com/art-world/mona-lisa-hidden-drawing-photos-1911271",
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"source": "Mona Lisa Underdrawing | Researchers Discover a Hidden Drawing Behind ‘Mona Lisa’",
"text": "By optically “piercing” the painting with harmless light beams, researchers can see where da Vinci’s pierced spolvero deposited the underlying sketch. ArtNews reports: “[Researcher Pascal] Cotte detected the spolvero marks in the Mona Lisa’s hand and hairline—the lighter areas of",
"url": "https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a34224879/mona-lisa-underdraw-sketch/",
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"source": "Chapter 3: The Sixteenth Century I | History of Drawing",
"text": ". . in the world.” [Leonardo da Vinci, 94] Turning her head on her profiled shoulders, she glances sideways out of heavy, enlarged eyelids. Leonardo sketched the contours of her face with delicate parallel diagonal strokes, producing the smoky-soft transitions between light and d",
"url": "https://historyofdrawing.com/?page_id=15",
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"source": "Is There a Hidden Drawing Beneath the 'Mona Lisa'?",
"text": "Known for her smoky eyes and taunting smile, the Mona Lisa is one of the most famous paintings in the world. Now, after taking a closer look at the beloved Renaissance masterpiece, researchers have found evidence that Leonardo da Vinci actually relied on a charcoal underdrawing t",
"url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/theres-hidden-drawing-behind-mona-lisa-180975947/",
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"source": "Scientists Are Still Unraveling the Secrets of the 'Mona Lisa'",
"text": "Using a machine that accelerates particles, researchers analyzed the chemical makeup of a tiny speck of paint hidden in the corner of the painting. In that speck, they detected a rare compound called plumbonacrite. They also found plumbonacrite in samples taken from Leona",
"url": "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/unraveling-the-secrets-of-the-mona-lisa-180983069/",
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},
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}
},
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},
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},
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"primary": "20 if an academic/government/legal source was retrieved; 10 if only reference-class; else 0",
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},
"rule": "the denominator never feeds the numerator"
},
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